Biogenic synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Averrhoa bilimbi and investigation of its antibacterial, antidiabetic and cytotoxic properties

Abstract

• Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles were synthesized using Averrhoa bilimbi extract. • Antibacterial activity tested for two Gram positive and two Gram negative bacteria. • The nanoparticles exhibit good antidiabetic effect on α-amylase enzyme. • The material shows excellent anticancer activity against HCT-116. Numerous methods have been implemented to prepare nickel oxide nanoparticles many of which involve harmful chemicals that can be avoided by using plant or fruit extracts. In the present work, we have prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles using extract of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit. The bioactive compounds like tannins, flavonoids, and phenols present in the fruits act as a reducing and capping agent to convert nickel nitrate to nickel oxide nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles are subjected to structural, optical, and morphological analysis by Powder X-ray Diffraction pattern (P-XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible analysis (UV–vis), Scanning Electron Microscopic technique (SEM), and EDAX analysis. The magnetic property of the prepared nanoparticles is examined by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Nickel Oxide nanoparticles exhibit potent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.auerus with a higher region of zone of inhibition at 150 µgmL −1 . The antidiabetic effect of the prepared sample is investigated and found to exhibit their inhibitory effect on α-amylase enzyme with IC 50 value 311.26 µgmL −1 ( p < 0.005). Finally, the cytotoxic effects of nickel oxide nanoparticles are studied in cultured human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116), which have exhibited significant anticancer activity with 55 µgmL −1 at 50 % inhibition concentration (IC 50 ). From the results, nickel oxide nanoparticles may offer a safe potential for diabetes and cancer management and can be applied to different medical and industrial applications.