Abstract
The biological synthesis of nanoparticles is emerging as a potential method for nanoparticle synthesis due to its non-toxicity and simplicity. In the present study, a bacterium resistant to heavy metals was isolated from a metal-contaminated site and we aimed to report the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via co-precipitation using bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) derived from Enterococcus faecalis_RMSN6 strains. A three-variable Box–Behnken design was used for determining the optimal conditions of the Fe3O4 NPs synthesis process. The synthesized Fe3O4 NPs were thoroughly characterized through multiple analytical techniques such as XRD, UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and finally SEM analysis to understand the surface morphology. Fe3O4 NPs were then probed for the Cr(VI) ion adsorption studies. The important parameters such as optimization of initial concentration of Cr(VI) ions, effects of contact time, pH of the solution and contact time on quantity of Cr(VI) adsorbed were studied in detail. The maximum adsorption capacity of the nanoparticles was found to be 98.03 mg/g. The nanoparticles could retain up to 73% of their efficiency of chromium removal for up to 5 cycles. Additionally, prepared Fe3O4 NPs in the concentration were subjected to cytotoxicity studies using an MTT assay. The investigations using Fe3O4 NPs displayed a substantial dose-dependent effect on the A594 cells. The research elucidates that the Fe3O4 NPs synthesized from EPS of E. faecalis_RMSN6 can be used for the removal of heavy metal contaminants from wastewater.
Highlights
Magnetic nanoparticles play a critical role in various fields such as areas of bionanotechnology, drug delivery and biosorption applications [1,2,3]
We report the synthesis of Fe3 O4 NPs by means of a biological method using iron chloride solution mixed with the culture supernatant of E. faecalis_RMSN6
The analysis showed that the stability of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticle was higher
Summary
Magnetic nanoparticles play a critical role in various fields such as areas of bionanotechnology, drug delivery and biosorption applications [1,2,3]. Iron oxide nanoparticles have applications in various fields such as tissue engineering, immunoassay technology, cell separation, drug delivery, and heavy metal removal [5,6,7,8]. A lot of research has been carried out to classify different types of iron oxide nanoparticles, especially the conjugates such as magnet viz, maghemite (Fe2 O3 ) or magnetite (Fe3 O4 ), among which magnetite has been found to be highly biocompatible [9]. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 3290 tetrahedral and octahedral positions [10]. Magnetite has a widespread application in the field of biomedical viz. (a) cellular therapy, (b) tissue repair, (c) drug delivery, (d) magnetic resonance imaging, (d) hyperthermia, etc. [11]
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