Abstract
Nanotechnology deals with the synthesis of materials and particles at nanoscale with dimensions of 1–100 nm. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles, using microbes and plants, is the most proficient method in terms of ease of handling and reliability. Core objectives of this study were to synthesize metallic nanoparticles using selenium metal salt from citrus fruit extracts, their characterization and evaluation for antimicrobial activities against pathogenic microbes. In methodology, simple green method was implicated using sodium selenite salt solution and citrus fruit extracts of Grapefruit and Lemon as precursors for synthesizing nanoparticles. Brick red color of the solution indicated towards the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Nanoparticle’s initial characterization was done by UV–Vis Spectrophotometry and later FTIR analysis and DLS graphs via Zetasizer were obtained for the confirmation of different physical and chemical parameters of the nanoparticles. Different concentrations of SeNPs were used for antimicrobial testing against E. coli, M. luteus, B. subtilis and K. pneumoniae comparative with the standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin. SeNPs possessed significant antimicrobial activities against all the bacterial pathogens used. Conclusively, SeNPs made from citrus fruits can act as potent antibacterial candidates.
Highlights
From last few decades, Nanotechnology has become the most promising and advancing field because of its wide applications in applied sciences and technology[1]
selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized from Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) fresh juice extract showed the absorbance peaks at 350 nm and 500 nm while SeNPs synthesized from Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) fresh peels extract displayed absorbance at 345 nm and 550 nm which is clearly demonstrated in the Fig. 2a,b respectively
SeNPs that were synthesized using fresh juice extract of Citrus limon (Lemon) showed absorbance peaks at 300 nm and 500 nm whereas SeNPs synthesized from fresh peel extract of Citrus limon (Lemon) showed absorbance peaks at wavelengths of 350 nm and 550 nm clearly shown in Fig. 3a,b respectively
Summary
Nanotechnology has become the most promising and advancing field because of its wide applications in applied sciences and technology[1]. Metallic nanoparticles are very popular for their wide range of applications in different areas of science including physics, chemistry, material and biomedical sciences. They have numerous applications in optoelectronics, catalysis and diagnostic biological devices[2]. The antimicrobial activity of citrus has been found to be present due to a number of reasons like presence of volatile oily compounds, essential oils and various flavonoids. They have been widely employed for synthesizing metallic nanoparticles because of their notable activities. The objective of the current study was to synthesize selenium nanoparticles from citrus fruit i.e. Citrus limon (lemons) and Citrus paradise (grapefruits) extracts, their general characterization and their assessment for antibacterial activities against various pathogens
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