Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) are extremely dangerous and bring a serious threat to health care systems as they can survive an attack from almost any drug. The bacteria’s adaptive way of living with the use of antimicrobials and antibiotics caused them to modify and prevail in hostile conditions by creating resistance to known antibiotics or their combinations. The emergence of nanomaterials as new antimicrobials introduces a new paradigm for antibiotic use in various fields. For example, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the oldest nanomaterial used for bactericide and bacteriostatic purposes. However, for just a few decades these have been produced in a biogenic or bio-based fashion. This review brings the latest reports on biogenic AgNPs in the combat against MDRB. Some antimicrobial mechanisms and possible silver resistance traits acquired by bacteria are also presented. Hopefully, novel AgNPs-containing products might be designed against MDR bacterial infections.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance refers to the evolutionary capacity developed by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites to fight and neutralize an antimicrobial agent
Escherichia coli [24]aeruginosa, The demand of products for theStreptococcus combat of pyogenes, MDR bacterial strains such as Pseudomonas has led to the design of powerful antimicrobial materials that are reinforced with silver nanoparticles methicillin-resistant
Even though bio-based silver containing nanomaterials are usually not ingested as known antibiotics, mainly due to a lack of understanding of the nanotoxicology associated with nanosilver in the bloodstream or in organs, AgNPs may be incorporated in products such as dressings, sprays, textiles, and paints for Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) combat to a certain extent
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance refers to the evolutionary capacity developed by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites to fight and neutralize an antimicrobial agent. Hand, derivative employed peptide from the snake naja) has an[9], antimicrobial effect against aureus, subtilis, E. coli, research groups around the globe are suggesting innovative solutions to treat resistant organisms. Xiao et al [11] synthesized the block copolymer poly (4-piperidine lactone-b-ω-pentadecalactone) exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa and it inhibits biofilm formation of with high antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, and low toxicity to NIH-3T3 cells, and. Nanoparticles and nanocomposites comprising zinc use of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and antibiotics to combat the oxide. Escherichia coli [24]aeruginosa, The demand of products for theStreptococcus combat of pyogenes, MDR bacterial strains such as Pseudomonas has led to the design of powerful antimicrobial materials that are reinforced with silver nanoparticles methicillin-resistant. Refer to the first antibiotic from each class [35,40,41,42,43,44,45,46]
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