Abstract
Biogenic amines at higher doses have negative effects on the human organism. Some biogenic amines (e.g. putrescine, spermine, spermidine, cadaverine, histamine) are an essential component of living cells because they are involved in the regulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis and membrane stabilization. Amines are produced by the decarboxylation of natural free amino acids. Decarboxylases are not common in bacteria but occur in species of many genera, particularly in Bacillus, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Photobacterium, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella and lactic bacteria of the Lactobacillus genera, Pediococcus and Streptococcus. Main factors influencing the biogenic amines formation are pH, water activity, storage time, temperature and salt content. Typical levels of biogenic amines in foods range from 10 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg. Occasionally, the amount of biogenic amines in food can exceed 1000 mg/kg.
Highlights
Biogenic amines (BA) are low molecular weight aliphatic organic compounds derived from amino acids that commonly participate in metabolic processes in living tissues with different biological, pharmacological and physiological effects
Some biogenic amines are an essential component of living cells because they are involved in the regulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis and membrane stabilization (Halász et al, 1994)
Biogenic amines can be produced by strains of LAB which are commonly used for technological purposes and it is appropriate to test these strains for decarboxylase activity prior to use in the dairy industry
Summary
Biogenic amines (BA) are low molecular weight aliphatic organic compounds derived from amino acids that commonly participate in metabolic processes in living tissues with different biological, pharmacological and physiological effects. At higher doses they have negative effect on the human organism (Komprda, 2005; Ordóñez et al, 2016). According to the chemical structure, biogenic amines are divided into aromatic (tyramine, phenylethylamine), heterocyclic (histamine, tryptamine), aliphatic (putrescine, cadaverine) and polyamines (spermidine, spermine, or agmatine). Some biogenic amines (e.g. putrescine, spermine, spermidine, cadaverine, histamine) are an essential component of living cells because they are involved in the regulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis and membrane stabilization (Halász et al, 1994)
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