Biogenic Amine Contents in Non-alcoholic Beers: Screening and Optimization of Derivatization

Abstract

A rapid, sensitive, and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of nine biogenic amines in non-alcoholic beers was developed by an optimized benzoylation procedure. A Plackett–Burman factorial design was used in order to screen the statistically significant variables. The significant factors of biogenic amine benzoylation, reagent volume and pH, were optimized by a complete factorial response surface design, and optimal reaction conditions were generated. The optimized method showed good linearity (correlation coefficients > 0.997) and good recoveries (from 88.6 to 104.7 %). The repeatability and reproducibility of method were >3.9 and >4.6 %, respectively. Moreover, the detection limits of biogenic amines were calculated between 0.05 and 0.15 μg/ml in wine samples. The optimized method has been applied to the determination of biogenic amine contents of non-alcoholic beers consumed in Iran. Their values ranged from 0 to 2.56 mg/l, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the analyzed samples, and none of these samples surpass the toxic levels reported in the literature.