Abstract
ObjectiveWe compared the biogenetic temperaments and characters of primary insomnia patients, major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with insomnia, MDD patients without insomnia, and normal controls. MethodsA total of 417 participants were recruited from a community and a psychiatric clinic in South Korea. Subjects were divided into 4 groups based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorder (SCID-IV) and sleep questionnaire: 1) normal controls (n=314), 2) primary insomnia (n=33), 3) MDD without insomnia (n=30), and 4) MDD with insomnia (n=40). All participants were requested to complete the Temperament and Character Inventory. ResultsThere were significant between-group differences in harm avoidance (HA)(F=32.96, p<0.001), reward dependence (RD)(F=5.21, p<0.01), self-directedness (SD)(F=24.72, p<0.001) and cooperativeness (CO)(F=15.75, p<0.001), after controlling for age and gender. Subjects with primary insomnia showed higher HA and lower SD than normal control, but lower HA and higher SD than MDD patients with insomnia. CO was lower in MDD patients, but not in subjects with primary insomnia. Lower RD was found only in MDD patients with insomnia. ConclusionThe current study suggests that high HA and low SD were related to primary insomnia, although these patterns were more prominent in patients with MDD.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.