Abstract
A member of the newly discovered RNA family, circular RNA (circRNA) is considered as the intermediate product of by-product splicing or abnormal RNA splicing. With the development of RNA sequencing, circRNA has recently drawn research interest. CircRNA exhibits stability, species conservatism, and tissue cell specificity. It acts as a miRNA sponge in the circRNA-microRNA (miRNA-mRNA axis, which can regulate gene transcription and protein translation. Studies have confirmed that circRNA is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, which play an important role in the regulation of human gene expression and participate in the occurrence and development of various human diseases. CircRNA may be closely related to the occurrence and development of female reproductive system diseases. By analyzing the biological functions and mechanism of circRNA, we find that circRNA has certain development prospects as biomarkers of the female reproductive system diseases. The production and degradation of circRNA, biological functions, and their association with the occurrence of diseases of female reproductive system are reviewed in this article.
Highlights
In addition to rRNA, tRNA, snRNA and siRNA, new members represented by circular RNA have been identified in the non-coding RNA family
The potential functions of circular RNA (circRNA)-as a miRNA sponge, as RNA binding protein sponge, and rolling circle translation-have added a regulatory network to cell function
The coding ability and stability of circRNAs, which can be used in biotechnology requiring peptide production with the steady development of RNA technology, the circRNA field is anticipated to considerably develop in the few years
Summary
Non-coding RNA comprises 95% of the total amount of RNA [1]. Most non-coding RNAs are classified as transcribed super conserved regions and do not participate in protein coding. Non-coding RNA plays a role in gene regulation and promotes the development of various human diseases. CircRNAs may act as a miRNA sponge by blocking the binding of miRNA to target genes, reducing its inhibitory effect on target protein translation [4, 5].
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