Biogas Production Support Systems for the Production and Use of Biomethane

Abstract

The overall driving force in energy is to contribute to the goal of achieving climate neutrality in Europe by 2050. In order to ensure the ability of the Latvian energy supply system to integrate flexibly and efficiently into the energy markets, a long-term vision for development of its energy sector is required. The use of biomethane in the transport sector plays an important role in this process. Biogas production in Latvia can be obtained in industrial volumes as a result of waste recycling, as well as from agricultural activity. It can be used not only for on-the-spot electricity generation, but also for production of biomethane inputs to the gas supply system and for transport. Research shows that in comparison with diesel, it has 11% less CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emissions, 77% less fine dust emissions and 90% less nitrogen dioxide emissions. The transition to the production of modern biomethane from local raw materials is possible with existing technologies and relatively small investments. The article examines, analyses and proposes different measures for the production and support of biomethane, considering experience of other countries. It is proposed to establish sustainability criteria and compliance with the requirements of modern transport biofuels, the production of which is particularly eligible for state support. It is also proposed to create a system of guarantees of origin, an obligation scheme for fuel traders, and to apply tax breaks and investment support to the production of biomethane.