Abstract
Bio-functionalized nanoparticles with semiconducting/metallic core encapsulated in a bio- or bio-derived materials are promising for applications in biology and especially in cancer diagnostic and healing. In this report, we report a facile, single-step, first-time synthesis and in-situ functionalization strategy for the preparation of monodispersed selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) functionalized using a novel polysaccharide (DP1) extracted from Dictyophora indusiata (a fungus). The DP1 functionalized SeNPs (DP1-SeNPs), where DP1 is attached to the surface via Se-O bond as well as physic-sorption had, an average diameter of 89 nm, and were highly uniform, extremely stable compared to bare SeNPs. Detailed investigation of the biological properties of DP1-SeNP illustrated that they exhibit unprecedented, enhanced, and selective antiproliferative activity through inducing cell apoptosis confirmed by nuclear condensation, DNA cleavage, and accumulation of S phase cell arrest. The mechanism of the induced apoptosis was found to be a combination of the activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9, the Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. It is envisioned that the reported DP1-SeNPs will offer a new phase space for high-efficiency anticancer treatment with little side effect.
Highlights
Bio-functionalized nanoparticles with semiconducting/metallic core encapsulated in a bio- or bioderived materials are promising for applications in biology and especially in cancer diagnostic and healing
The synthesis of DP1-selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) involved a redox reaction between sodium selenite and ascorbic acid in presence of DP1 modifier, a polysaccharide isolated from Dictyophora indusiata
These results indicated that 3.0 mg/mL of DP1 was totally chelated with Se nanoparticles, the lower DP1 concentrations (0.25, 1.0, 2.0) were inadequate while higher concentrations (4.0 and 5.0 mg/mL) were excessive for completely surface decoration of Se nanoparticles in this complex reaction system
Summary
Bio-functionalized nanoparticles with semiconducting/metallic core encapsulated in a bio- or bioderived materials are promising for applications in biology and especially in cancer diagnostic and healing. Diverse anticancer materials including metals, semiconductors, polymers, and biomolecular materials have been designed and applied for cancer treatment Among these functional anticancer materials, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) based system have gained significant attention as anticancer biomaterials. Selenium (Se) in addition to having excellent photoelectrical and semiconductor properties is an essential micronutrient for human health[4,5] and a key component of selenoenzymes, such as peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, iodothyronine deiodinases, glutathione peroxidase, etc.[6,7,8,9,10] and can prevent free radicals induced cell damage in vivo It is established via epidemiological and preclinical studies that seleno-compounds are efficient cancer www.nature.com/scientificreports/. Compared to other reported functionalization SeNPs, novel DP1 functionalized SeNPs with its unparalleled bio-friendly properties is envisioned to contribute a step-change in futuristic anticancer treatment applications
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