Abstract
The effects of substrate composition on oxide layer properties following plasma electrolytic oxidation under similar conditions have been evaluated for α-cpTi, α/β-Ti6Al7Nb, β-Ti35Zr10Nb and β-Ti45Nb alloys. All oxidised surfaces revealed enhanced wettability, surface free energy and roughness relative to the non-oxidised surfaces. Nevertheless, the resultant oxides differed with respect to average pore size, pores density, layer chemistry and phase composition. The β-titanium alloys developed oxides with a larger average pore size and lower pore density relative to the α-cpTi and α/β-Ti6Al7Nb substrates. Anatase dominated the oxide layer formed on α-cpTi and β-Ti45Nb alloys, a mixture of anatase and rutile was present on the oxidised α/β-Ti6Al7Nb surface, whereas Ti2ZrO6 was the only phase detected on the oxidised surface of the β-Ti35Zr10Nb alloy.
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys are key biomaterials for load bearing medical devices like orthopaedic and dental implants
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of substrate composition on relevant surface properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) layers produced under similar conditions on a-commercially pure Ti (cpTi), a/b-Ti6Al7Nb and the relatively new b-Ti45Nb and b-Ti35Zr10Nb alloys
Following oxidation under similar conditions, the four different titanium substrates investigated in this study (i.e. a-cpTi, a/b-Ti6Al7Nb, b-Ti35Zr10Nb and bTi45Nb) revealed the characteristic PEO morphology with micropores and surface microcracks, leading to enhanced roughness
Summary
Titanium and its alloys are key biomaterials for load bearing medical devices like orthopaedic and dental implants. Incorporation of bioactives imposes strict conditions in selecting the appropriate surface modification technique of titanium Such techniques should satisfy a series of conditions, including (i) maintain the original functionality of the implant; (ii) ensure surface integrity during implantation and a stable interface with the host tissue thereafter; (iii) preserve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the bioactive during incorporation into titanium surface and subsequent implantation; and (iv) create enough reservoirs and ensure controlled release of bioactive over the desired duration. It is a real challenge for existing surface modification techniques to comply with all these requirements. A method that shows real potential is plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO).[3,4,5] The PEO process has the ability to convert the surface of titanium into a porous TiO2 layer through a set of electrochemical
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