Abstract
The major source of energy comes from fossil fuels. The current situation in the field of fuel and energy is becoming more problematic as world population continues to grow because of the limitation of fossil fuels reserve and its pressure on environment. This review aims to find economic, reliable, renewable and non-polluting energy sources to reduce high energy tariffs in Russian Federa- tion. Biofuel is fuel derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes. Other alternative energy sources includ- ing solar energy and electric power generation are also discussed. Over 100 Mt of biomass available for energy purposes is produced every year in Russian. One of the downsides of biomass energy is its potential threatens to food security and forage industries. An innovative approach proved that multicomponent fuel (80% diesel oil content for motor and 64% for in stove fuel) can remarkably reduce the costs. This paper proposed that the most promising energy model for future is based on direct solar energy conversion and transcontinental terawatt power transmission with the use of resonant wave-guide technology.
Highlights
Energy consumption per head of population in Russia is half that of the USA and Canada, even though Russia is the coldest country in the world
Maximum load on the energy system occurs in the winter season, and fuel consumption for heat and electricity supply to residential and industrial buildings accounts for nearly 65% of total fuel and energy consumption
Research and development in renewable energy has been stimulated by the well-known requirement of funding energy sources alternative to fossil fuels, to prevent increasing atmospheric CO2
Summary
Energy consumption per head of population in Russia is half that of the USA and Canada, even though Russia is the coldest country in the world. Federation (RF), it is necessary to increase the fuel utilization factor through energy generation at highly effective cogeneration plants, to decrease fuel cost and to develop biofuel and low-carbon energy production with the use of renewable energy sources[1,2,3]. Many alternative energy sources have already been explored and tested, even on an industrial scale, including biomass, fuel materials of vegetable or agricultural nature used for heating, electric generation and transport purposes. In boiler houses servicing heating networks, 47% of thermal energy is generated. Even in Moscow, 30% of thermal energy is generated by boiler houses. In order to improve the existing situation it is necessary to upgrade and re-equip these boiler houses to the level of mini heat power plants where both thermal and electric power will be generated (cogeneration). One objective in the development of electric power generation is increasing the share of distributed power generation so the energy production cost is reduced due to lower costs for energy transport from deposits to power plants and for electric power transfer from power plants to customers
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