Abstract
In the present paper, zootechnical studies on fatteners fed with the new feed supplement formulation based on the soybean meal were undertaken. Soybean meal was enriched with the following microelements via biosorption process: Cu(II), Mn(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II). The concentration of which in the enriched biomass of soya was as follows: 11.7 ± 1.5; 11.9 ± 1 .5; 5.92 ± 0.77 and 9.06 ± 1.18, respectively. Porkers were divided into three groups: control group feed with fodder supplemented with microelement ions in inorganic form, and two experimental groups: E100% where animals were fed with the fodder supplemented with microelements in biological form of enriched soybean meal, that covered 100% demand for microelements, and E125% group where animals were fed with the fodder supplemented with microelements in biological form of enriched soybean meal, that covered 125% demand for microelements. Obtained results demonstrated that the use of biological microelement supplements increased the average daily gain of pigs, while reducing the consumption of feed. Also increased carcass weight and carcass yield compared to the control group was observed. Meat from the experimental groups was classified as class E, and studies of pH and EC confirmed that the meat was of good quality. Also, increased juiciness of the meat and red color component of meat were denoted in the experimental in comparison to the control group. Administration of pigs with biologicallybound microelements, resulted in an increased level of iron in the meat by about 10% at the recommended dosage, whereas at elevated dosages, the meat was richer in all microelements by 4.3 to 20.3%.
Highlights
In modern animal breeding, increased attention is paid to the quality of feed, including the bioavailability of the individual components, including micronutrients that are essential for the proper development and growth of the organism, as well as in maintaining an adequate level of animal welfare
The results indicate that animals from both experimental groups make better use of feed provided during fattening, which is important for farmers from an economic point of view
The study was conducted with the participation of zootechnical finishers in order to assess the impact of new formulations on the parameters of slaughter and meat quality
Summary
In modern animal breeding, increased attention is paid to the quality of feed, including the bioavailability of the individual components, including micronutrients that are essential for the proper development and growth of the organism, as well as in maintaining an adequate level of animal welfare. Widely used inorganic salts are characterized by low availability to the animal, which results in high doses and the majority is excreted in manure and lost [13]. An alternative to inorganic salts are organic forms of microelements, which are much better absorbed, but the cost of their use is unprofitable for many farmers [4,5]. For this reason, it is necessary to search for new formulations that will combine characteristics desirable by breeders: high bioavailability, a low cost, non-toxicity and ease of use. The protein in the soybean meal has a balanced amino acid profile [8] and compared to the other feed raw materials of plant origin, it contains high levels of lysine, which makes a useful soybean meal for pigs [6,9]
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