Abstract
Background:S. aureusis found to be a major source of community as well as hospital acquired infections. The increase in antimicrobial resistance and emergence of multidrug resistance has become a big threat worldwide. The biofilm formation ofS. aureusinfluenced the survival and persistence in both environment and host.Aim:The study was conducted with the aim to evaluatein-vitrobiofilm formation and the presence oficaDgene inS. aureusfrom clinical isolates ofS. aureus.Methods:A total of 570 wound/pus samples were processed by standard microbiological techniques. Colony morphology, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests were used for the identification ofS. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and methicillin-resistantS. aureuswas detected by using cefoxitin antibiotics. The production of biofilm was screened by Congo Red Agar and finally, the presence oficaDgene was determined by PCR.Results:Out of 570 samples, a total 19.3% (110/570) samples showed the growth ofS. aureus. Among which 59.1% (65/110) were multi-drug resistant. Similarly, 26.4% (29/110) isolates were methicillin-resistantS. aureus. Among MRSA isolates 93.1% (27/29) were MDR with more than 3 classes of antibiotics. Biofilm production was shown by 95.45% (105/110) and 77.3% (85/110) isolates on Congo Red Agar and presence oficaDgene respectively.Conclusion:In this study, the significant association was observed in phenotypic production of biofilm and the presence oficaDgene for the genotypic expression of biofilm. There were also increasing rates of MRSA and multidrug resistanceS. aureus.
Highlights
S. aureus is found to be a major source of community as well as hospital acquired infections
The production of biofilm was screened by Congo Red Agar and the presence of icaD gene was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Biofilm production was shown by 95.45% (105/110) and 77.3% (85/110) isolates on Congo Red Agar and presence of icaD gene respectively
Summary
S. aureus is found to be a major source of community as well as hospital acquired infections. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most potent human pathogens, which is commonly associated with nosocomial and community-acquired infections [1]. The ability of S. aureus to form biofilm helps the bacterium to resist host immune response and is considered responsible for chronicity of the disease and resistant towards antimicrobial agents [9, 10]. IcaA and icaD have been reported to play a significant role in biofilm formation [12]. IcaD has been reported to play a critical role in the maximal expression of N-acetylglucosamine transferase, leading to the phenotypic expression of capsular polysaccharide [13]
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