Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastrointestinal food-borne infection worldwide. The transmission of Campylobacter and Arcobacter-like species is often made possible by their ability to adhere to various abiotic surfaces. This study is focused on monitoring the biofilm ability of 69 strains of Campylobacter spp. and lesser described species of the Arcobacteraceae family isolated from food, water, and clinical samples within the Czech Republic. Biofilm formation was monitored and evaluated under an aerobic/microaerophilic atmosphere after cultivation for 24 or 72 h depending on the surface material. An overall higher adhesion ability was observed in arcobacters. A chi-squared test showed no association between the origin of the strains and biofilm activity (p > 0.05). Arcobacter-like species are able to form biofilms under microaerophilic and aerobic conditions; however, they prefer microaerophilic environments. Biofilm formation has already been demonstrated at refrigerator temperatures (5 °C). Arcobacters also showed higher biofilm formation ability at the temperature of 30 °C. This is in contrast to Campylobacter jejuni NP 2896, which showed higher biofilm formation ability at temperatures of 5–30 °C. Overall, the results demonstrated the biofilm formation ability of many strains, which poses a considerable risk to the food industry, medical practice, and human health.
Highlights
Biofilms are microbial communities growing on the surface or interface of materials.Cells are “interconnected” in a biofilm, usually via a matrix formed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that they produce themselves [1]
All isolates were successfully identified as A. butzleri or A. cryaerophilus using both mPCR and 16S rRNA-RFLP methods and used for further testing
Our results showed that incubation under an aerobic or microaerophilic atmosphere may influence biofilm formation ability on abiotic surfaces
Summary
Biofilms are microbial communities growing on the surface or interface of materials.Cells are “interconnected” in a biofilm, usually via a matrix formed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that they produce themselves [1]. Biofilms are microbial communities growing on the surface or interface of materials. Bacteria living in biofilms exhibit increased resistance to host defense mechanisms and up to 1000 times higher natural resistance, e.g., to antibiotics [3,4]. The current trend is to monitor the influence of many natural substances on the formation of microbial biofilms [5,6]. We often observe multispecies biofilms created on abiotic or biotic surfaces [7]. Biofilm formation requires a special type of signaling, known as quorum sensing (QS; called density sensing) among the microorganism cells [8]. The biofilm formation itself can be reduced, for example, by reducing the adhesion of microorganisms, or we must subsequently address the eradication
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