Abstract
Background: Biofilm production caused by bacteria plays a vital role in catheter associated urinary tract infection (UTI) or bacteriuria being responsible for persistence and recurrent infection. Biofilms forming bacteria are difficult to eradicate due to antimicrobial resistance to the commonly used antibiotic. Biofilms are currently estimated to be responsible for over 65% of nosocomial infections and 80% of microbial infections. This study aimed to perform biofilm detection on uropathogenic bacterial isolates among fistula patients attending National Obstetric Fistula centre Ningi and investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
 Methods: A total of 217 strains of significant bacteriuria were isolated from vesico vaginal fistula (VVF) patients. A cross sectional study was conducted at the hospital. The urine samples were collected and cultured on CLED and blood agar media while confirmation was done using their biochemical reaction. The detection of biofilms formation on the isolates was performed using tube adherence and Congo red agar method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar.
 Results: Out of 217 significant bacteriuria isolated, 38 strains produced biofilms;28 strains tested positive on tube adherence method while 15 strains were positive on Congo red agar method. Bacteria that produced biofim showed multiple drug resistance compared to the platonic bacterial cells. All the biofilm producers showed 100% resistant to septrin, ampiclox, gentamycin and amoxicillin. There was no significant value between tube adherence and Congo red agar method with P value > 0.05.
 Conclusion: Biofilm detection should form part of routine testing while antimicrobial susceptibility testing is paramount on better choice of antibiotic therapy for proper management to reduce economic lost, treatment failure and drug resistance.
Highlights
Biofilm formation is a major concern in nosocomial infections because it protects microorganisms from opsonophagocytosis and antibiotics, leading to chronic infection and sepsis [1]
The Biofilm consists of layers of cell clusters embedded in a matrix of extracellular polysaccharide called polysaccharide intracellular adhesion (PIA), which are made of b-1,6-N-acetylglycosamine and synthesized by N
This PIA is involved in cellcell adhesion and is essential for biofilm production by CNS, which is observed in most clinical strains of bacteria
Summary
Biofilm formation is a major concern in nosocomial infections because it protects microorganisms from opsonophagocytosis and antibiotics, leading to chronic infection and sepsis [1]. These qualities have converged to make catheter-associated bacteriuria a significant burden on our current health care system [2]. Biofilm helps to promotes colonization leading to high rates of urinary tract infection (UTI), making the infection the infections difficult to treat due to multiple drug resistance. Biofilm production caused by bacteria plays a vital role in catheter associated urinary tract infection (UTI) or bacteriuria being responsible for persistence and recurrent infection. This study aimed to perform biofilm detection on uropathogenic bacterial isolates among fistula patients attending National Obstetric Fistula centre Ningi and investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern
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