Abstract
The field of bioethics has flourished in China since the new policy of reform and openness. After two legal cases, one on euthanasia, the other on artificial insemination by donor (AID), were widely publicized ([30];[54]), bioethics moved beyond narrow academic circles, and become the focus of public debate [49]. In 1988, the First National Conference on Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues in Euthanasia and the First National Conference on Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues in Reproductive Technology were held, respectively, in Shanghai, July 5- 8, and in Yueyang, Hunan Province November 3-5 ([43]; [44]). Unfortunately, the proceedings of these two conferences were not published. However, the two legal cases and two conferences stimulated further wide discussions which extended to the beginning of the 1990s. After the political events of June 4, 1989, and subsequent economic difficulties, academic meetings were discouraged, but discussions were still pursued in academic journals, and the media retained a strong interest in bioethics. The legal case on euthanasia, decided in May 1991, prompted further efforts to prepare a Second National Conference on Euthanasia. However, new topics also received attention: the introduction of market mechanisms into health care, mandatory sterilization of the mentally retarded, and ethical issues in the control of sexually transmitted disease (STD).
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