Bioengineered 2D Ultrathin Sharp-Edged MgO Nanosheets Using Achyranthes aspera Leaf Extract for Antimicrobial Applications

Abstract

For the first time, we have been reported the phytosynthesis of ultrathin 2D layered sharp-edged MgO nanosheets using Achyranthes aspera (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2%) via green route without any surfactants and the rarely characterized and emerging pathogens of Eggerthella lenta and Enterobacter aerogenes were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of biosynthesized MgO nanomaterials. A. aspera has a superior role as a non-toxic bio-reducing agent in an entire synthesized process of MgO nanomaterial. Furthermore, the structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of the synthesized materials were elucidated by the analytical techniques like powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The scanning electron microscopic analysis (SEM) explored the morphology as a 2D nanostructure of A. aspera mediated ultrathin MgO nanosheets. Further, the microscopic analysis HRTEM revealed that the morphological refinement was greatly achieved by varying the concentration of the leaf extract utilized as a capping as well as the reducing agent. An In vitro antibacterial and antifungal analysis were quantitatively investigated for the 2D nanostructure of A. aspera mediated ultrathin MgO nanosheets. Besides, mechanism involving in the formation of MgO nanosheets and antimicrobial activity are well demonstrated to deepen the knowledge towards enhancement possibilities for the metal oxide nanoparticle synthesis and applications.