Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate preoperative and postoperative body fluid distribution with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.MethodsFifteen adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were included in this study. Total body fluid changes, basal metabolism rates, body fat masses, lean body masses, and total cell masses were recorded. The patients’ values were measured before anesthesia, after anesthesia, after sternotomy, at the 5th, 30th, and 60th minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass, and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days. All values were compared with preoperative values.ResultsTotal body fluid changed significantly after cardiopulmonary bypass (P<0.01). Metabolic velocity significantly changed compared to preoperative measurements (P<0.05). Fat mass and lean body mass also changed significantly. Body mass index and phase angle did not change significantly (P>0.05).ConclusionChanges in body fluids during and after cardiopulmonary bypass are inevitable. The increase in total body weight shows that this fluid load shifts to the extracellular space during bypass and the fluid load in this area passes into the intravascular area in the early postoperative period. This may cause edema and dysfunction in the major organs. Therefore, the fluid balance should be adjusted very carefully, especially during the bypass phase and the early postoperative period.
Highlights
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass leads to increase in total body fluid due to the prime solution and intravenous fluids
This study clearly demonstrates that the exchange of body fluids during and after cardiopulmonary bypass is inevitable
The increase in total body water (TBW) causes an increase in fluid volume in the extracellular compartment during cardiopulmonary bypass
Summary
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass leads to increase in total body fluid due to the prime solution and intravenous fluids. Interaction of extracorporeal circulation and prime volume with the body fluids causes a systematic inflammation[1]. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive method to determine body fluid distribution[2]. This technique involves releasing a very little current in the tissues[2]. A single frequency of 50 kHz is used to make BIA measurements. These high-frequency electrical currents pass through both intra and extracellular fluids to calculate total body water (TBW). Currents < 5 kHz of frequency proceed through the extracellular space and provide clinically useful information regarding circulation changes.
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