Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter reviews recent literature concerning the biology of acidophilic prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) specifically relating to acidophilic taxonomy and phylogeny. Acidophilic microorganisms are one group of extremophiles that is becoming increasingly important, both ecologically and economically. Acidophiles can be found in all three domains of organisms, indicating their ability to thrive in acid environments developed early in evolution, can thrive in environments of low pH ( At. ferrooxidans to oxidize ferrous iron in acidic wastewaters, with pH at >2.5, will result in the hydrolysis and precipitation of the ferric iron produced; this has been considered as an alternative to, or used in conjunction with, chemical treatment.
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