Abstract
Worldwide analysis of Sus scrofa genetic diversity with a wide variety of autosomal, mitochondrial and Y-chromosome markers has allowed to establish that this species was independently domesticated at multiple sites in Eurasia. Exploratory and commercial journeys favored the geographical dispersion of pigs from one geographical area to another, being the transportation of pigs from the Iberian Peninsula to the New World during the 15-17th centuries one of the most compelling cases. Besides population admixture, selection of morphological, behavioral and production traits has been another major force shaping the gene pool of current porcine breeds. In the next years to come, the availability of powerful genomic tools such as high throughput genotyping and next generation sequencing platforms will be instrumental to decipher the impact of demographic, migratory and selection processes on the pig genome.
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