Biodiversité en danger et zoonoses

Abstract

AbstractZoonoses are a group of infectious diseases that are naturally transmitted from animals to humans. More than 70 % of emerging infectious diseases of animal origin are currently estimated. These zoonoses are not recent; they have accompanied human since his appearance on earth and especially when Homo sapiens left his natural status as an itinerant nomadic hunter-gatherer to settle down, becoming a farmer and breeder. The bringing together of Human-Animal and soil, reservoirs of potentially pathogenic infectious agents, was the source of the first epizootics, thus prefiguring all future epidemics or pandemics. The Neolithic era was the starting point for the gradual and inexorable degradation of animal and plant biodiversity (deforestation, domestication). Secondly, population growth, accelerating from the 1 9th century with the industrial and agricultural revolution, considerably aggravated biodiversity. The links between damage to ecosystems, loss of biodiversity and the emergence of zoonotic diseases are more and more convincing, as shown by the mechanisms at the origin of current zoonosis: disruption of the transmission cycle of pathogenic agents, modification, even destruction natural habitats. At the same time, we must question human activities such as intensive farming practices, industrial farming, or the international trade in wild animals, all of which are factors in the spread of zoonosis. A multi-sectoral health organization as suggested by the concept “one planet one health”, should allow us to have a global vision to understand the interactions between human and animal health and ecosystems in order to bring concrete proposals to fight against these harmful practices. Contributing to the emergence of new zoonoses, which have increased since the beginning of the 1980s.