Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

Maria Sarno,Mariagrazia Iuliano

doi:10.1515/gps-2019-0053

Abstract

Abstract Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil was obtained using Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL) lipase (E.C.3.1.1.3) anchored on Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles through physical interactions. A remarkable biodiesel yield of ∼90% was obtained without any pre-treatment and at a lipase concentration of 20%, 45°C reaction temperature, 1:6 oil/methanol molar ratio, after 24 h. The immobilized enzyme showed fast kinetic (the biodiesel yield was already of 34.6% after only 3 h) and activity slightly dependent on the length of the acid chains. The effect of the Au NPs sizes was monitored, to study the role of Au conduction centres in facilitating enzymes favourable orientation. The immobilized lipase activity stays above 74% after the first 3 cycles of use. In particular, the produced biodiesel presents an ester content of 97.8% ± 0.21 and a linolenic methyl ester content of 0.53% ± 0.03, in agreement with EN14214 requirements.

Highlights

In the paper of Wang et al [18], MAS1, a laboratory prepared enzyme, showed higher stability and activity, immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL) lipase on a XAD1180 resin provided similar results to those observed by Yagiz et al [17]
Similar results were shown by Km 12 lipase and Burkholderia sp. enzyme immobilized on Fe3O4 NPs [20,21]
The production of biodiesel from WCOs, using a commercial Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL) lipase directly linked on citric acid and residual oleic acid modified Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles [24], consisting of magnetite NPs supporting smaller Au NPs, through physical adsorption including interfacial activation [23]

Summary

Introduction

Leonard pair ofhKigrhawtetmchpoeuraktutyrepse, (usnedee[s1i0ra, bDlee sniditeiorena6c.t1i]o)n; s(i[i1i)0t]h, eanLdeonard pair a module for bra (see [1, tThheercTeooeqrmeruwEpmirnaie]rlz,leytid[hgm3ee,ertuTsoashlecgecaohoetfaebremplrymarzieceostadrfl4eaa.p1mtdr,moei5scte.hte5naso]tn)sds;e.css(eiv-[hr1)ea1ag,v1nue2]la:agprriepngarrttroaippnprshoiitactehtnelatoliytawhlnaosrma sapliiznemd (see [11, Lemmean1v4ir.8on])m; (evn)tathl iemLpeaocnt,anrodnpeaeidrocfopnrestirsetaintmg eonftasntoyrtewmoovoef a modular. Our nanocatalyst, tested on non-pretreated WCOs [25] and without other additives, due to support specificity and favourable interaction with the support, shows a very remarkable combination of properties: excellent activity, in the presence of high amount of water; stability; recyclability, of the support because of the physical interaction. It ensures an almost homogeneous catalysis of waste oil. An accurate analysis, which is rarely shown, of the different phases and of the catalyst activity, and a characterization according to EN14214 were performed and reported

Materials

Physicochemical characterization of WCOs

Synthesis of methyl ester

Results and discussion

Conclusion