Abstract
In this research the biodiesel from palm oil were synthesized by using magnetic solid base catalyst. The magnetic solid base catalyst was prepared by using co-precipitation method and followed by modified Stober’s method and wet impregnation method. CaO-ferrite nanometre magnetic solid base catalysts (CaO@Fe3O4/SiO2) were synthesized by loading CaO on the surface of Fe3O4 core-shell using the polymeric binder, TEOS. Under the optimized condition reactions, the catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation and incipient wetness impregnation followed by calcination at 700 °C for 5 h. The calcined catalyst was fully characterized. The basic strength of the catalysts (H_) was first assessed using Hammett indicators, which are in range 9.8–15.0. The calcined Ca/ferrite-TEOS showed homogenous spherical shape with an apparent thickness of 92 nm. The FT-IR of CaO observed at 520 cm-1 is attributed to the Ca-O vibrations. The EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Fe, Si and Ca on the catalyst. The optimization conditions for biodiesel production have been measured. The catalyst was used 5.0 % wt. The methanol to oil ratio is 5:1, reaction time is 180 minutes and reaction was produced at 80°C. The catalyst achieved a biodiesel conversion of used palm oil (acid value 1.2) above 92 %. The catalytic activity and recovery rate of CaO@Fe3O4/SiO2 are better as compared to CaO catalyst. The properties of synthesized biodiesel have been studied and meet standard the Department of Energy Business.
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