Abstract
Microalga is one of the potential feedstocks in the manufacture of biodiesel because it contains high oil content. In this study, Chlorella sp. was selected because its high oil content about 28-32% of oil (based on its dry weight) and its presence is abundant among other green algae. In situ transesterification was carried out in round neck flask under microwave irradiation. Microwave irradiation can facilitate the in situ transesterification by extracted the lipid of microalga and simultaneous convert to FAME. The purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of acid catalyst concentration, microwave power, reaction time and the addition of co-solvent (n-hexane) on the yield of biodiesel, to get optimum operating conditions and to know the fatty acid compounds of biodiesel from Chlorella sp. The results of oil extraction and biodiesel were analyzed by GC-MS analysis. Based on the experiment, the yield of microalga oil was 11.37%. The optimum yield of biodiesel by in-situ transesterification was 75.68%. It was obtained at the microwave power of 450 watts, the reaction time of 60 minutes, an acid catalyst concentration of 0,2M of H2SO4, and the co-solvent addition of 10 ml.
Highlights
Microalga is one of the potential feedstocks in the manufacture of biodiesel because it contains high oil content
The highest yield of crude biodiesel was 65%. It was obtained at the microwave power of 450 watts and the reaction time of 60 minutes
The highest yield of crude biodiesel was 75.68%. It was obtained at the microwave power of 450 watts and the reaction time of 60 minutes, the catalyst concentration of 0.2M and the addition of co-solvent was 10 ml
Summary
Microalga is one of the potential feedstocks in the manufacture of biodiesel because it contains high oil content. The optimum yield of biodiesel by in-situ transesterification was 75.68% It was obtained at the microwave power of 450 watts, the reaction time of 60 minutes, an acid catalyst concentration of 0,2M of H2SO4, and the co-solvent addition of 10 ml. Biodiesel usually produced using ex situ transesterification, that is extraction lipid of microalga continued by transesterification process This process is uneconomical and take a long reaction time. In situ transesterification is a simple method to produce biodiesel This process cuts the extraction and purification step of microalga oil [7]. The purposes of this experiments were to investigate the effect of acid catalyst concentration, microwave power, reaction time and the addition of cosolvent (n-hexane) on the yield of biodiesel, to get optimum operating conditions and to know FAME compounds of biodiesel from Chlorella sp. This work was expected to produce a high yield of biodiesel and expected that methyl ester compounds of biodiesel are suitable for making a good biodiesel
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