Biodiesel Production by Aspergillus niger Lipase Immobilized on Barium Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Ahmed I El-Batal,Ahmed M El-Khawaga,Ayman A Farrag,Mohamed A Elsayed

doi:10.3390/bioengineering3020014

Abstract

In this study, Aspergillus niger ADM110 fungi was gamma irradiated to produce lipase enzyme and then immobilized onto magnetic barium ferrite nanoparticles (BFN) for biodiesel production. BFN were prepared by the citrate sol-gel auto-combustion method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (SEM/EDAX) analysis. The activities of free and immobilized lipase were measured at various pH and temperature values. The results indicate that BFN–Lipase (5%) can be reused in biodiesel production without any treatment with 17% loss of activity after five cycles and 66% loss in activity in the sixth cycle. The optimum reaction conditions for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) using lipase immobilized onto BFN as a catalyst were 45 °C, 4 h and 400 rpm. Acid values of WCO and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were 1.90 and 0.182 (mg KOH/g oil), respectively. The measured flash point, calorific value and cetane number were 188 °C, 43.1 MJ/Kg and 59.5, respectively. The cloud point (−3 °C), pour point (−9 °C), water content (0.091%) and sulfur content (0.050%), were estimated as well.

Highlights

Biodiesel is defined as the fatty acid alkyl monoesters derived from renewable feed stocks such as vegetable oils and animal fats [1]
The distilled product, methyl esters of fatty acids, is known as the biodBiioeensgeinlee[r4in]g.2T01h6,e3,r1e4 are three steps involved in the transesterification of triglyce2roidf 1e5 (TG) into methyl estfearttsy(aMcidEs),iswkintohwtnhaesftohrembiaotdiioesnelo[f4]i.nTtheerrme aerde itahrteeessdteipgslyincveorlivdede i(nDtGhe)taranndsesmteorinficoagtiloyncoefride (MG), resulting itnrigtlhyecerpidroe d(TuGc)tiinotno moefththylresetemrs o(MleEs),owfitehsttheerfaornmdatoionneomf inotleermoefdgialtyescdeirgolyl,cearsidseh(DowG)nanidn stepwise reactions Emqounaotgiloyncesri(d2e)(–M(4G)),[5re]s.ulting in the production of three moles of ester and one mole of glycerol, as shown in stepwise reactions Equations (2)–(4) [5]
Activities of free and immobilized lipase were measured at various pH and temperatures values

Summary

Introduction

Biodiesel is defined as the fatty acid alkyl monoesters derived from renewable feed stocks such as vegetable oils and animal fats [1]. The simple reaction to convert vegetable oil to biodiesel is called transesterification, in which an alcohol and a catalyst are mixed with oil in order to “crack” the oil into esters and glycerol. During this process, the catalyst allows the alcohol to react successively with triglyceride to produce esters and glycerol, as shown in Equation (1). The distilled product, methyl esters of fatty acids, is known as the biodBiioeensgeinlee[r4in]g.2T01h6,e3,r1e4 are three steps involved in the transesterification of triglyce2roidf 1e5 (TG) into methyl estfearttsy(aMcidEs),,iswkintohwtnhaesftohrembiaotdiioesnelo[f4]i.nTtheerrme aerde itahrteeessdteipgslyincveorlivdede i(nDtGhe)taranndsesmteorinficoagtiloyncoefride (MG), resulting itnrigtlhyecerpidroe d(TuGc)tiinotno moefththylresetemrs o(MleEs),owfitehsttheerfaornmdatoionneomf inotleermoefdgialtyescdeirgolyl,cearsidseh(DowG)nanidn stepwise reactions Emqounaotgiloyncesri(d2e)(–M(4G)),[5re]s.ulting in the production of three moles of ester and one mole of glycerol, as shown in stepwise reactions Equations (2)–(4) [5]

Methods

Results

Conclusion