Abstract
Biofuel is considered as a solution to substitute petroleum fuel and to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions contributing to global warming. The most known biofuels used are biodiesel, bioethanol, and biohydrogen extracted from biomass. For a long time, these biofuels were produced from edible crops that compete with the food of humans and animals. Therefore, research is focused worldwide on alternative biomass sources. Scientists are looking for innovative biofuel feedstocks such as agricultural wastes, algae, and jatropha. The first generation of biodiesel mainly depended on vegetable oils for conversion to methyl esters and glycerol. In Johannesburg, South Africa, the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development pledged to promote renewable energy sources. At the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris in 2015, 174 countries pledged to work together to keep global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius by supporting more renewable energy investment. Algae are one of the very promising feedstocks for biofuel production.
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