Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines that is produced by chemically combining vegetable oils and animal fats with an alcohol to form alkyl esters. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced by transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol usually in presence of an alkaline catalyst.This research studies the optimum condition of soya diesel production by methanol alkaline transesterification reaction between soybean cooking oil and methanol, ethanol and butanol using Some important variables such as volumetric ratio, types of reactants and catalytic activities were selected to obtain a high quality biodiesel fuel with the specification of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D 6751) and European Norm (EN 14214).The exhaust emissions like carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke emissions were decreased while the NOx emissions were increased with SBD at full load compared to that of the base engine. The peak pressure and heat release rate were increased and the ignition delay and combustion duration were decreased for the internal combustion engine piston with SBD compared to that of the base engine.
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