Biodesulfurization

Abstract

AbstractSulfur is an essential element for all life forms. Sulfur is important for the structure and function of proteins in the form of the sulfur containing amino acids cysteine and methionine. Sulfur groups from sulfur amino acids and prosthetic groups are involved in enzyme catalysis. In addition inorganic sulfur in the form of sulfate, sulfite, elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide are used for electron acceptors and donors in energy generating respiratory reactions.The use of sulfur associated respiratory systems has been commercialized for the the removal of sulfur oxides and hydrogen sulfide from gas streams. The development of sulfur specific biodesulfurization processes has been a long sought after goal to either replace or augment conventional hydrodesulfurization technology in the petroleum refining industry. In addition to these applications, the biochemistry associated with biodesulfurization may have applications in chemical synthesis and biosensors.The role of sulfur in biology and the research and commercial applications of biodesulfurization systems are reviewed.