Abstract
Nanocomposite materials refer to those materials whose reinforcing phase has dimensions on a scale from one to one hundred nanometers. In this study, the nanocomposite biodegradation of the phenol Novolac epoxy and the unsaturated polyester resins was investigated using the egg shell nanoparticle as bioceramic as well as starch and glycerin as natural polymers to modify their properties. The phenol Novolac epoxy resin has a good compatibility with the unsaturated polyester resin. The prepared samples with different composition of materials for specified time were buried under soil and their biodegradation was studied using FTIR and SEM. The FTIR results before and after degradation showed that the presence of the hydroxyl group increased the samples degradation. Also adding the egg shell nanoparticle to samples had a positive effect on its degradation. The SEM results with and without the egg shell nanoparticle also showed that use of the egg shell nanoparticle increases the samples degradation. Additionally, increasing the amount of starch, and glycerol and the presence of egg shell nanoparticles can increase water adsorption.
Highlights
Nanocomposite materials referred to those materials whose reinforcing phase has dimensions on a scale from one to one hundred nanometers, such as polymer-ceramic, polymermetal, ceramic-metal, and ceramic-ceramic nanocomposites
The dried starch and glycerol were mixed with glycerol to starch ratio of 10 : 1. Loosening the starch with glycerol leads to improving the process ability and flexibility of the mixtures; phenol Novolac epoxy resin was mixed separately with egg shell nanoparticles for 15 min using a mechanical mixer
The results show that increasing the amount of starch and the presence of egg shell nanoparticles can increase water adsorption
Summary
Nanocomposite materials referred to those materials whose reinforcing phase has dimensions on a scale from one to one hundred nanometers, such as polymer-ceramic, polymermetal, ceramic-metal, and ceramic-ceramic nanocomposites. The Novolac phenol epoxy is able to mix and adapt with unsaturated polyester and it is found that, after mixing and annealing (sintering), the strength and impact resistance of the resin increases considerably. The terminal hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in UPR lead to increasing the chain length and crosslinking (length) during the curing process of epoxy resin, as a catalyst. The hydroxyl groups formed in this reaction are able to react with epoxide groups [5, 6]. Products prepared from polymer nanocomposites have many applications at various industries such as chemical, automotive, construction, military, medical, home appliances, sports, agriculture, and electronics and these reduce the fuel and energy consumption, increase safety and resistance against earthquakes and fires, extend the life of structures, reduce losses caused by storage of food and agricultural products, reduce losses due to corrosion, and briefly can lead to an efficient use of existing
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