Biodegradation of Synthetic Dye by Endophytic Fungal Isolate in Calotropis procera Root

Moti Lal,Shiv Kumar Verma,Anand Kumar,Mira Debnath

doi:10.3126/ijasbt.v3i3.13136

Abstract

In this study, based on colony morphology characteristics, a total of 19 fungal endophytes were isolated from root of Calotropis Procera a traditional Indian medicinal plant. All fungal isolates were screened for their dye degradation ability. The dyes used as test dyes were Rose Bengal (RB), azo dye Methyl Red (MR), Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and Methylene Blue (MB) and the concentration of each dye in the experiment was kept 100mg/L. Among the 19 fungal endophytic isolates (CPR1-CPR19), only one isolate CPR4 showed strong dye decolourization capability against all the four test dye. Dye decolourization ability by the isolate CPR4 was determined to be 97.4%, 87%, 65% and 45% for Rose Bengal (RB), Methyl Red (MR), Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and Methylene Blue (MB) respectively. Complete colour decolourization was observed with rose Bengal followed by Methyl Red. Glucose minimal medium was used for liquid and solid culture of fungal isolates. Fungal biomass production in the presence of four test dye was studied and compare with control culture of fungal endophytes. Effect of temperature, pH, stationary and agitation conditions on dye degradation was also studied.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 373-380

Highlights

In recent past times, because of rapid growth of industrialization process, pollution attributable to dyes has been increased to the great extent
This study aims to investigate the potential of isolated endophytic fungi from root of traditional Indian medicinal plant, C.prcera, to tested for their dye degradation /decolourization ability against four test dye; Rose Bengal (RB), azo dye Methyl Red (MR), Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and Methylene Blue(MB)
We have isolated total number of nineteen endophytic fungi from the root of Calotropis Procera and these fungi were named according to the source from which they were isolated and followed by a number (CPR- Calotropis procera root)

Summary

Introduction

Because of rapid growth of industrialization process, pollution attributable to dyes has been increased to the great extent. Waste water from dye utilizing industries contains an array of azo and other synthetic dyes in addition to its characteristically high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (Mohamed et al, 2014). Among these dyes, azo dyes are the most extensively used and these account for over 60% of the total number of dye structures known to be manufactured (Lamia et al, 2011; Weeranuch et al, 2014 ). Dyes are one of the major constituents of this type of environmental pollution These are one of the largest, important and diffuse groups of synthetic dyes used regularly in textile dying and paper printing. Conventional biological management methods such as activated sludge or biofilm system which are mainly predominant by bacteria population had very low dye mineralization efficiencies due to the narrow substrate range in various degrading bacteria (Q. yang et al, 2009)

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