Biodegradation of reactive dyes using soil fungal isolates and Ganoderma resinaceum

Abstract

The potential of Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium lanosum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Ganoderma resinaceum to effect the biodegradation of five reactive textile dyes, namely Blue 21, Orange 16, Yellow 160, Blue 16 and Black 5, was evaluated. Preliminary experiments tested the decolorization ability of the tested fungi in three different media at a dye concentration of 0.02%. It was found that F. oxysporum, P. lanosum and G. resinaceum had high efficiency for decolorization of Blue 21. In the case of P. lanosum and F. oxysporum, decolorization was achieved in a basal Czapeks medium containing 0.01% reactive Blue 21 and supplemented with 3% glucose and 0.3% sodium nitrate after 5 days at pH 4.5 at 30°C. However, with G. resinaceum, optimum dye decolorization was achieved after 7 days incubation at 30°C and pH 5. Dye accumulation in the tested mycelia and changes in the outer surface of the cell wall of three studied fungi were observed. In addition, the structural integrity of Reactive Blue 21 dye untreated and treated with the tested fungi was studied by IR analysis.