Abstract
The isolation of propiconazole (PCZ) degrading bacterium BBK_9 strain was done from paddy soil, and it was identified as Burkholderia sp. based on the morphological characteristics and biochemical properties combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. It has been seen that the factors such as temperature and pH influence the biodegradation process. The role of plasmid was studied in the degradation process by plasmid curing method. The PCZ acts as the sole carbon source and as energy substrate which can be utilized by the strain for its growth in Mineral salt medium and degraded 8.89 µg ml−1 of PCZ at 30 °C and pH 7 within 4 days. During the bioconversion process of PCZ, three metabolite were formed such as 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) ethanone, 1-[2-(4-chlorophenyl) ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole and 1-ethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole. The LD50 value of BBK_9 strain was determined with acridine orange which resulted in 40 µg ml−1 at cell density of 0.243 at 660 nm. Furthermore, plasmid curing was done using LD50 concentration and from that three plasmids got cured in the sixth generation. It was found that, cured strain was able to degrade 7.37 µg ml−1 of PCZ, indicating the plasmid encoded gene were not responsible for the PCZ degradation. On the source of these outcomes, strain BBK_9 can be used as potential strain for bioremediation of contaminated sites.
Highlights
The economy of India is largely depend on the agricultural production, due to the implementation of advanced technologies in the form of bio fertilizers, chemical fertilizers and different forms of pesticides have made possible to increase the quality and quantity of field products (Ramudu et al 2011)
The isolation of propiconazole (PCZ) degrading bacterium BBK_9 strain was done from paddy soil, and it was identified as Burkholderia sp. based on the morphological characteristics and biochemical properties combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis
Several different colonies were isolated, all colonies that were appeared on the nutrient agar (NA) were examined for their PCZ utilizing capacity depending upon the colony count on mineral salt agar medium (MSAM) in different concentration of PCZ (2 and 10 lg/L)
Summary
The economy of India is largely depend on the agricultural production, due to the implementation of advanced technologies in the form of bio fertilizers, chemical fertilizers and different forms of pesticides have made possible to increase the quality and quantity of field products (Ramudu et al 2011). Propiconazole (PCZ) is a triazole foliar fungicide, which is used in the agriculture. The degradation of pesticides by microorganisms is gaining the extensive attention in the agricultural field and environmental microbiology. Only few literatures are there which are dealing with the fungicide degradation by bacteria and in the previous years, many experiments have suggested that bacterial community are effective degraders of many different classes of fungicides: vinclozolin (Lee et al 2008), tubeconazole (Nicole et al 2009), captan (Megadi et al 2010), benzimidazole (Cycon et al 2011) and thiram (Sherif et al 2011) and is necessary since PCZ biodegradation was not thoroughly investigated with the exception of Sarkar et al (2009). Previously available reports are mentioned that PCZ utilization by microorganisms is not possible because of its ability to strongly
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