Abstract
In the present study, the removal of phenol from synthetic wastewater was evaluated in a fixed bed reactor with up flow sludge blanket filtration (FUSBF) in comparison with a typical USBF system. At hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hours and solid retention time (SRT) of 20 day, the effect of initial concentration of phenol (260-1020 mg/L) on phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency (%) was investigated in both systems. The effect of the presence of fixed bed was determined throughout the operational period.The results showed that the FUSBF system had a better ability than the typical USBF system in terms of phenol and COD removal. The average phenol and COD removal at phenol concentration of 312 mg/L was 97.52% and 92.82% for the FUSBF system and 92.80% and 82.18% for the typical USBF system, respectively. At HRT of 24 h and organic loading rate (OLR) of 30 g/m-3.h-1, the amount of phenol removal was 82.1%. At OLR of 30 g/m-3.h-1, role of fixed bed in phenol and COD removal was 25.01% and 29.3%, respectively, overall, the FUSBF system has a higher efficiency and ability than that of typical USBF and can be used for the purification of industrial wastewater containing refractory organic compounds such as phenol.
Highlights
Phenol and its compounds have many applications in chemical processes and are used as structural units in the synthesis of many organic compounds (Kirk-Othmer, 1998)
The results showed that the FUSBF system had a better ability than the typical up flow sludge blanket filtration (USBF) system in terms of phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal
In other words, increased rate of phenol biodegradation in a range of increasing phenol concentrations confirmed that acclimatization was fulfilled, the microbial population boosted and propagated, and biomass gained the capacity and ability to degrade phenol under the conditions existing in both bioreactors of USBF and developed FUSBF
Summary
Phenol and its compounds have many applications in chemical processes and are used as structural units in the synthesis of many organic compounds (Kirk-Othmer, 1998). They are applied in different industries such as petrochemical, oil refinery, insecticides, resin, plastic, pharmaceutical, leather, textile and paper. Anoxic and aerobic reactors are used for denitrification and removal of organic matters. Hybrid anoxic and aerobic reactors are applied for pre-denitrification with a much more sludge return in sewages containing high amounts of organic matter (Melcer & Nutt, 1988). Recent studies have introduced an advanced system of fixed film reactor (Glass et al, 2008), the technology requires the formation of www.ccsenet.org/gjhs
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