Biodegradation of phenanthrene by biodemulsifier-producing strain Achromobacter sp. LH-1 and the study on its metabolisms and fermentation kinetics

Abstract

Despite many reports of the use of biodegradation to remove contaminants, the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is challenging because of the hydrophobicities and low aqueous solubilities of most PAHs. In this study, phenanthrene (PHE) was used as a sole carbon and energy source to screen and identify Achromobacter sp. LH-1 for the production of biodemulsifiers that enhance the bioavailability and solubilization of PAHs. LH-1 achieved a 94% degradation rate and a 40% mineralization rate with 100 mg/L PHE. Additionally, LH-1 degraded various PAHs, and the factors that influenced the growth and PAHs degradation activity of LH-1 were not only the toxicities and structures of the substances but also the acclimation of LH-1 to these substances. Three kinetic models were used to describe the fermentation processes of cell growth, product formation and substrate degradation over time. Finally, multiple PHE degradation pathways were proposed to be utilized by strain LH-1.