Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE) is a common pollutant of acidic and non-acidic environments that is recalcitrant to biodegradation. Herein, Burkholderia fungorum FM-2 (GenBank accession no. KM263605) was isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Xinjiang and characterized morphologically, physiologically, and phylogenetically. Environmental parameters including PHE concentration, pH, temperature, and salinity were optimized, and heavy metal tolerance was investigated. The MIC of strain FM-2 tolerant to Pb(II) and Cd(II) was 50 and 400 mg L−1, respectively, while the MIC of Zn(II) was >1,200 mg L−1. Atypically for a B. fungorum strain, FM-2 utilized PHE (300 mg L−1) as a sole carbon source over a wide pH range (between pH 3 and 9). PHE and heavy metal metabolism were assessed using gas chromatography (GC), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrometry. The effects of heavy metals on the bioremediation of PHE in soil were investigated, and the findings suggest that FM-2 has potential for combined bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with PHE and heavy metals.
Highlights
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) fused-ring aromatic compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene and/or pentacyclic rings (Ghosal et al, 2016; Baltrons et al, 2018)
Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain FM-2 are summarized in Table S2, and are shared with Burkholderia fungorum LMG 16225T (Coenye et al, 2001; Andreolli et al, 2011), the isolated strain was identified as an B. fungorum strain
Strain FM-2 was classified as genus and species B. fungorum and named B. fungorum FM-2
Summary
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) fused-ring aromatic compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene and/or pentacyclic rings (Ghosal et al, 2016; Baltrons et al, 2018). Biodegradation is considered an efficient, economic, and facile physicochemical process for the treatment of environments contaminated with PAHs (Mnif et al, 2017; Gong et al, 2018). Novel bacterial strains isolated from soils contaminated with mixtures of pollutants may possess sophisticated catabolic capabilities and the ability to tolerate, extreme conditions, toxic metals, and limited nutrients (Oves et al, 2012; Rashid et al, 2016). Such organisms that can degrade PAHs may offer an effective and affordable remediation strategy (Kuppusamy et al, 2016)
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