Abstract
The biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons has many potential applications and has attracted much attention recently. The hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium BL-27 was isolated from petroleum-polluted soil and was compounded with surfactants to improve biodegradation. Its 16S rDNA and rpoD gene sequences indicated that it was a strain of Bacillus subtilis. Strain BL-27 had extensive adaptability and degradability within a broad range of temperatures (25–50 °C), pH (4.0–10.0) and salinity (0–50 g/L NaCl). Under optimal conditions (45 °C, pH 7.0, 1% NaCl), the strain was able to degrade 65% of crude oil (0.3%, w/v) within 5 days using GC-MS analysis. Notably, strain BL-27 had weak cell surface hydrophobicity. The adherence rate of BL-27 to n-hexadecane was 29.6% with sucrose as carbon source and slightly increased to 33.5% with diesel oil (0.3%, w/v) as the sole carbon source, indicating that the cell surface of BL-27 is relatively hydrophilic. The strain was tolerant to SDS, Tween 80, surfactin, and rhamnolipids at a concentration of 500 mg/L. The cell surface hydrophobicity reduced more with the addition of surfactants, while the chemical dispersants, SDS (50–100 mg/L) and Tween 80 (200–500 mg/L), significantly increased the strain’s ability to biodegrade, reaching 75–80%. These results indicated that BL-27 has the potential to be used for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants and could have promising applications in the petrochemical industry.
Highlights
Petroleum is still an irreplaceable non-renewable energy resource
(50–100 mg/L) and Tween 80 (200–500 mg/L), significantly increased the strain’s ability to biodegrade, reaching 75–80%. These results indicated that BL-27 has the potential to be used for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants and could have promising applications in the petrochemical industry
A bacteria designated as BL-27 was isolated from petroleum-polluted soil in the Shengli Oilfield
Summary
Petroleum is still an irreplaceable non-renewable energy resource. Increased demand for petroleum products in various industries and daily life may lead to increased oil costs, enhanced oil exploitation, and raised oil pollution [1,2]. Bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants and microbial enhanced oil recovery are the two main burning issues of the application of biotechnology in the petroleum industry [3]. Crude oil is a mixture of a variety of simple and complex hydrocarbons which can be degraded by several indigenous microorganisms, each capable of breaking down a specific group of molecules. Numerous research studies concerning biodegradation/bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants have been done in recent years. Few thermophilic bacteria have been isolated and adapted to biodegradation, with most belonging to the Bacillaceae, such as Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus pallidus, and Geobacillus thermodenitrificans [5,6,7,8]. Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) was long considered as a factor to promote
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