Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most devastating and notorious contaminants in food and animal feed worldwide. A novel DON-degrading strain, Nocardioides sp. ZHH-013, which exhibited complete mineralization of DON, was isolated from soil samples. The intermediate products of DON generated by this strain were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses. It was shown that, on an experimental level, 3-keto-DON was a necessary intermediate product during the conversion from DON to 3-epi-DON. Furthermore, the ZHH-013 strain could also utilize 3-epi-DON. This DON degradation pathway is a safety concern for food and feed. The mechanism of DON and 3-epi-DON elimination will be further studied, so that new enzymes for DON degradation can be identified.
Highlights
Deoxynivalenol is one of the most important toxic secondary metabolites of mold
All samples were stored at −80◦C before analysis by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), as described below
Microbes are the main decomposers in nature and soil is the richest source of strains with degradation activity
Summary
Deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin, DON) is one of the most important toxic secondary metabolites of mold. Non-thermal methods, such as intense pulsed light (Chen et al, 2019), plasma-activated water (Chen et al, 2019), carbon nitride nested tubes (Bai et al, 2019), and the upconversion nanoparticle @TiO2 (Zhou et al, 2020), are of interest because they are environmentally friendly, efficient, and/or economical These methods are good for processing foods with smooth surfaces or free DON in solvent, and may be useful in the sorting and pretreatment of raw food materials; their use to influence animal digestion processes, with the aim of eliminating unreleased or masked DON in food, is less feasible. Only a few DON-degrading strains have been isolated from rumens or chicken intestines, and they could only transform DON to de-epoxy DON (de-DON or DOM-1) under anaerobic conditions. We examined the DON-degrading activity of the species and assessed the detected intermediate products, 3-keto-DON and 3-epi-DON
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