Abstract
Pollution by chrysene compounds in the polluted soil of petroleum, due to exploration activities, production and disposal of petroleum waste into the environment causing serious damage to the ecosystem environment, became the target of processing with bacteria as a model of remediation of pollution sites. Thus, the study focused on the use of a bacterial consortium to degrade chrysene in petroleum-contaminated soil. The study was conducted by mixing 20:80 (% wt) of contaminated soil with water. The consortium of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida 10%(v/v) and 15%(v/v) bacteria with ratios; 2:3; 1:1; 3:2 is inserted into the slurry bioreactor. Biodegradation process is run with agitation of 100 rpm and temperature 26<sup>o</sup>C 30<sup>o</sup>C and in aeration. Identification of chrysene using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GCMS) and bacterial populations with haemycitometer. The initial concentration of chrysene is 24.48 ng/?L. After 49 days remediation period for a 10% (v/v) reduced chrysene bacteria consortium and bacterial populations were 8.68 ng/?L; 7.56 ng/?L; and 8.07 ng/?L; with biodegradation rate is 67.01%; 69.10%; And 64.54%. As for the 15% (v/v) bacteria consortium with the same ratio, chrysene was degraded to 2.60 ng/?L; 1.57 ng/?L; and 2.02 ng/?L and the measured chrysene biodegradation rate was 89.39%; 93.58%; And 91.73%. These findings suggest that the percentage of low crude oil is degraded because of the increasing concentration of crude oil.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONA high molecular weight PAH consisting of four unified benzene rings. Among PAHs, chrysene is Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), classified as a priority pollutant by US EPA (Smith a large group of xenobiotic pollutants, are common, et al, 1989; Harvey, 1991)
A high molecular weight Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) consisting of four unified benzene rings
Degraders should be able to get enough biomass and mineralization ideally and grow on chrysene as a source of carbon and energy (Alexander, 1999). This Study have shown that there is a great diversity of microorganisms which are capable of degrading low molecular weight PAHs such as naphthalene and phenanthrene
Summary
A high molecular weight PAH consisting of four unified benzene rings. Among PAHs, chrysene is Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), classified as a priority pollutant by US EPA (Smith a large group of xenobiotic pollutants, are common, et al, 1989; Harvey, 1991). Another way is bioremediation as a low molecular weight, composed of two or three competitive alternative to convert pollution into less aromatic rings, may decompose under favorable toxic form (Hidayat & Tachibana, 2015). Microorganisms have been employed for bioremediation of hydrocarbon-rich waste material products, along with their various recalcitrant noxious compounds, which are converted into environmentally friendly products These microbes utilize waste material as carbon substrate, increase their population, and biodegrade hydrocarbon products to nontoxic products, such as H2O and CO2 (Prakash et al, 2014). Degraders should be able to get enough biomass and mineralization ideally and grow on chrysene as a source of carbon and energy (Alexander, 1999) This Study have shown that there is a great diversity of microorganisms which are capable of degrading low molecular weight PAHs such as naphthalene and phenanthrene. It will provide new insights for improving future studies on bioremediation of environmental pollutants
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