Abstract
This paper describes the screening of the growth of seven marine-derived fungi strains in the presence of chlorpyrifos in solid medium. The strains that showed best growth were A. sydowii CBMAI 935 and Trichoderma sp. CBMAI 932. Biodegradation reactions were performed in 10, 20 and 30 d in liquid medium containing commercial chlorpyrifos and mycelia from the selected strains. In 30 d, A. sydowii CBMAI 935 and Trichoderma sp. CBMAI 932 were able to degrade on average 63% and 72% of chlorpyrifos, respectively, and reduce the concentration of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, the metabolite formed by the enzymatic hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos. In 30 d, A. sydowii CBMAI 935 and Trichoderma sp. CBMAI 932 could use chlorpyrifos as sole source of carbon with low biodegradation percentages, 24% and 5%, respectively. Spontaneous hydrolysis was evaluated in malt medium, with the complete disappearance of chlorpyrifos. In distilled water, 61% of chlorpyrifos was hydrolyzed in 30 d.
Highlights
Different highly toxic organic compounds have been released in the environment over the past decades [1]
The screening was carried out in a solid medium of malt extract (2% w/v) in the presence of CP for the selection of the marine-derived fungi able to grow in increasing concentrations of the pesticide
The fungi were grown in a solid culture medium at pH 5, which is an optimal value for the cultivation of most fungi [24]
Summary
Different highly toxic organic compounds have been released in the environment over the past decades [1]. Among these compounds, pesticides play an important role in modern agriculture, since they are effective in pest control and increase productivity and food quality. Millions of tons of pesticides are applied annually, but it is believed that only a small amount effectively reaches target species [2]. The fate of pesticides in the environment is influenced by processes that determine their persistence and mobility [3]. Chemical processes of degradation, such as oxidation/reduction, hydrolysis and photolysis may occur in the environment, but they are dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the pesticide [4]
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