Biodegradation of Batik Wastewater: Study of isolation & characterization indigenous bacteria in Tulungagung, East Java Province, Indonesia

Abstract

In fact, batik’s industry in Indonesia has increased its productivity by 14.7% at 2011 until 2015 according to Ministry Coordinator Welfare Field Republic of Indonesia . Increasing the batik productivity has an effect on the aquatic environment due to inappropriate disposal of wastewater. The wastewater changes the physical and chemical condition of the aquatic environment. The high presence of dyes in wastewater can cause pollution of aquatic environments. The dyes used in wastewater sample is naphthol and indigosol, which is known as a synthetic dye have stable molecules, and difficult to be degraded. This research was conducted to isolate, identify, characterize indigenous bacteria, and measurement their ability to decolorize dyes from Tulungagung’s batik waste water. The study site was used as sampling location on Kauman, Tulungagung district, East Java Province. To obtain bacteria with dyestuff degrading character, sample containing liquat waste and sedimen from the batik industry collected and cultured on Busnall Hass media enriched with dyes (naphtol and indigosol) and put into the shaker at 150 rpm for up to 6 days. Meanwhile, to grow fat degrading bacteria, the samples were cultured on BH media with the addition of olive oil. This mixture was conditioned on a shaker at 150 rpm for 5 days. After the propagation, the next step was to coat the culture on nutrient agar media, incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. This step aimed to obtain pure isolates which used for morphology and biochemistry test. The selected isolates were also identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence homology methods. Each of isolated have a different ability to degrade the dyes and fats. From the four bacteria obtained, three isolated were selected that had the highest ability to degrade dyes in vitro namely:: Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Enterobacter agglomerans. The results obtained in this study suggest that indigenous bacteria have the potential to remove dye and fat concentrations in batik industry wastewater.