Biodegradation kinetics of dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos by enriched bacterial cultures from an agricultural soil

Abstract

The study focuses on the biodegradation kinetics of organophosphate pesticides (OPs), chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos by enriched cultures and its application in pesticide transport models. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Taonella mepensis were the species identified in dichlorvos enriched culture (DEC) while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methylobacterium zatmanii were present in chlorpyrifos enriched culture (CPEC). DEC readily degraded dichlorvos as the sole carbon source at higher concentrations up to 1000 mg/L while CPEC rapidly degraded chlorpyrifos up to 100 mg/L. On addition of 1 g/L C of dextrose, dichlorvos degradation efficiency significantly increased only at higher pesticide concentrations while there was no effect on chlorpyrifos degradation. Cross-feed and mixed-feed studies highlighted that, CPEC degraded dichlorvos as a sole substrate and a mixture of both the pesticides effectively when compared to DEC. Edward inhibition and Haldane inhibition models satisfactorily simulated the biodegradation kinetics of dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos by DEC and CPEC respectively. The biokinetic parameters; maximum specific growth rate (µmax), half saturation constant (KC), yield coefficient (Y) and inhibition concentration (Ki) for the selected pesticides were thus estimated from the best fit biokinetic models. Further, batch determined biokinetic parameters were successfully applied to pesticide transport model and used to simulate breakthrough curves (BTCs) from flow-through pesticide soil column studies. The results indicated that the enriched microbes are promising candidates for insitu bioremediation of contaminated waters and soils. In addition, the estimated biokinetic constants can be used to assess the biodegradation capabilities of the enriched cultures and act as input parameters for transport models.