Biodegradation and metabolites of 2-methylquinoline by acclimated activated sludge under aerobic and denitrifying conditions

Abstract

2-Methylquinoline is a common organic contaminant in environment. Its degradation in wastewater treatment system has not been fully explored. In this study, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the biodegradation of 2-methylquinoline by activated sludge under both aerobic and denitrifying conditions. The results showed that 2-methylquinoline was degraded under both conditions, but the degradation under aerobic condition was significantly faster than that under denitrifying condition. Total organic carbon (TOC) residues were detected in the final effluent under both conditions, indicating the formation of recalcitrant metabolites. Further analysis identified 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methylquinoline, N,N-diethyl-benzenamine, and 4-ethyl-benzenamine as common metabolites under both conditions. 4-Butyl-benzenamine and 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine were additional metabolites under the aerobic condition, whereas 2-methyl-4-quinolinol was exclusive to the denitrifying condition. Most of these metabolites were further degraded during the treatment process. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-methylquinoline, however, remained in the final effluent under both conditions, implying its persistence in the environment. It can be concluded that 2-methylquinoline undergoes the similar degradation pathway under both treatment conditions.