Abstract
Recently, nano- and micro-particulate systems have been widely utilized to deliver pharmaceutical compounds to achieve enhanced therapeutic effects and reduced side effects. Poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), as one of the biodegradable polyesters, has been widely used to fabricate particulate systems because of advantages including controlled and sustained release, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, PLGA is known for low encapsulation efficiency (%) and insufficient controlled release of water-soluble drugs. It would result in fluctuation in the plasma levels and unexpected side effects of drugs. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop microcapsules loaded with alginate-coated chitosan that can increase the encapsulation efficiency of the hydrophilic drug while exhibiting a controlled and sustained release profile with reduced initial burst release. The encapsulation of nanoparticles in PLGA microcapsules was done by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The encapsulation of nanoparticles in PLGA microcapsules was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. The release profile of hydrophilic drugs can further be altered by the chitosan coating. The chitosan coating onto alginate exhibited a less initial burst release and sustained release of the hydrophilic drug. In addition, the encapsulation of alginate nanoparticles and alginate nanoparticles coated with chitosan in PLGA microcapsules was shown to enhance the encapsulation efficiency of a hydrophilic drug. Based on the results, this delivery system could be a promising platform for the high encapsulation efficiency and sustained release with reduced initial burst release of the hydrophilic drug.
Highlights
Hypertension occurs when there is an increase in the pressure within the artery.It is a persistent medical condition where the blood pressure is elevated at or above140/90 mmHg [1]
The remaining 5–10% of cases belong to secondary hypertension where there is an identifiable cause [1]
Sodium(5%, alginate wasCalcium pre-mixed with the hydrophilic
Summary
Hypertension occurs when there is an increase in the pressure within the artery.It is a persistent medical condition where the blood pressure is elevated at or above140/90 mmHg [1]. Hypertension occurs when there is an increase in the pressure within the artery. It is a persistent medical condition where the blood pressure is elevated at or above. There are no initial symptoms, but sustained hypertension will increase the risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease [2]. There are two classifications of hypertension, which are primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension covers up to 90–95% of the cases where there is no obvious underlying cause. The remaining 5–10% of cases belong to secondary hypertension where there is an identifiable cause [1]. Hypertension can be treated or ameliorated through a combination of medication and non-pharmacological
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