Abstract
Self-stabilizing biodegradable microcarriers were produced via an oil/water solvent evaporation technique using amphiphilic chitosan-g-polyester copolymers as a core material in oil phase without the addition of any emulsifier in aqueous phase. The total yield of the copolymer-based microparticles reached up to 79 wt. %, which is comparable to a yield achievable using traditional emulsifiers. The kinetics of microparticle self-stabilization, monitored during their process, were correlated to the migration of hydrophilic copolymer’s moieties to the oil/water interface. With a favorable surface/volume ratio and the presence of bioadhesive natural fragments anchored to their surface, the performance of these novel microcarriers has been highlighted by evaluating cell morphology and proliferation within a week of cell cultivation in vitro.
Highlights
Cell microcarriers were first introduced in a mid-1960s for a large scale culture of anchoragedependent cells in vitro for the production of several biopharmaceutical drugs [1,2]
Amphiphilic chitosan-g-polyester copolymers, i.e., CPLG copolymer consisting of a chitosan backbone and grafted amorphous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) chains, and CPG copolymer comprising a chitosan backbone with grafted semi-crystalline poly(L-lactide) fragments and gelatin, were used as a core material for producing self-stabilizing biodegradable cell microcarriers
This study was carried out adopting an oil phase made from a mixture of our graft-copolymer and PDLA (30/70 w/w) dissolved in methylene chloride
Summary
Cell microcarriers were first introduced in a mid-1960s for a large scale culture of anchoragedependent cells in vitro for the production of several biopharmaceutical drugs [1,2] For these applications, the microparticles have to fulfill a well-defined list of specifications, such as size, size distribution, morphology, density, and surface properties [3,4,5]. It opened a door to the concept of multifunctional cell carriers, whereby these particles could be loaded with bioactive components to enhance tissue reconstruction [6]. The specifications of these microcarriers should significantly differ compared to those established originally for in vitro biopharmaceutical drug production. Synthetic biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, such as polylactide, Molecules 2020, 25, 1949; doi:10.3390/molecules25081949 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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