Biodegradable cell-laden starch foams for the rapid fabrication of 3D tissue constructs and the application in neural tissue engineering.

Abstract

Cells encapsulation by biomaterials has been widely studied as a strategy of building tissue construct in tissue engineering. Conventional encapsulation of cells using hydrogels often needs the polymerization process or relatively complex molding process. In this study, we developed a facile strategy for the in situ fabrication of biodegradable cell-laden starch foams. By utilizing the unique gelatinization property of starch, cell-laden starch foams with tunable architecture were rapidly prepared in a green and biological-friendly process. The bubble size and stiffness of starch foams could be tuned by controlling the content of premixed starch in the cell culture medium. Cells were encapsulated in situ during the foaming process, and the resultant starch foams could be used as building blocks to fabricate three-dimensional tissue construct. The potential application of the cell-laden starch foams in neural tissue engineering was also validated. RSC96 Schwann cells were encapsulated in the starch foams and revealed good viability. Due to the serum-induced degradation of the starch, RSC96 Schwann cells could be released from the starch foams in a controlled manner while remaining high viability. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons co-cultured with the cell-laden starch foams extended significantly longer neurites compared with neurons cultured in minimum Eagle's medium (664.88 ± 190.39 μm vs. 311.19 ± 105.25 μm). DRG neurons retained high viability even after encapsulation in the starch foams for 3 days. This facile strategy of rapidly fabricating cell-laden starch foams can be further extended to construct centimeter-scale micro-tissue for tissue engineering applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:104-116, 2020.