Biodegradability and compostability of polymeric materials in the context of the European packaging regulation

Abstract

The treatment of compostable packaging, made from natural and synthetic polymeric materials, in controlled composting and anaerobic treatment facilities can be an important method of reducing garbage. A pre-requisite for official regulations and the decision as to which materials may be composted is investigations on their biodegradability and the quality of the compost produced. To fulfil the requirements of a European directive for packaging and packaging waste, a standardization group at CEN has developed definitions, test methods and a system for differentiating compostable from non-compostable packaging material. After characterization of the test material biodegradability is determined preferably in a laboratory aerobic controlled composting test based on the evolution of carbon dioxide. The laboratory tests are followed by investigations of the disintegration of the material in composting facilities and analysis to determine the quality of the compost produced.