Abstract
The biochemical potential of pathogenic bacteria may cause alteration in the neurophysiological environment; consequently, neuroendocrine and immune responses of the host are modulated by endogenously produced metabolic products of neuropathogenic bacteria. The present study was designed to detect the derived biogenic amines in spent culture media of Bacillus cereus (Bc), Clostridium tetani (Ct), Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), and Neisseria meningitidis (Nm). Overnight grown culture in different culture media i.e., Nutrient broth (NB), Luria basal broth (LB), Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI), and human serum supplemented RPMI 1640 medium (RPMI) were used to prepare filter-sterilized, cell-free cultural broths (SCFBs) and subjected to high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) along with the control SCFBs. Comparative analysis of biogenic amines in neuropathogenic bacterial SCFBs with their respective control (SCFB) revealed the complete degradation of dopamine (DA) into its metabolic products by Bc, Ct, and Nm, whereas Lm showed negligible degradation of DA. A relatively high concentration of 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5HIAA) by Bc in NB and LB indicated the tryptophan metabolism by the serotonin (5HT) pathway. Our study suggests that microbial endocrinology could help unravel new perspectives to the progression of infectious diseases.
Highlights
Microbial endocrinology refers to the ability of microorganisms to produce, recognize, and respond to neurochemicals that originate either in within these microorganisms themselves or within the host they inhabit [1,2]
This experiment was delineated to evaluate the bioconversion of tyrosine amino acid to neuroactive neurochemical i.e., dopamine (DA) provided in different nutritional models consisting of Luria basal broth (LB), Nutrient broth (NB), BHI, and PRMI media by neuropathogenic bacteria
Amino acids serve as bacterial growth factors
Summary
Microbial endocrinology refers to the ability of microorganisms to produce, recognize, and respond to neurochemicals that originate either in within these microorganisms themselves or within the host they inhabit [1,2]. The term neurochemical defines any chemical produced by microorganisms that is recognized and functions as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator and neurohormone within the mammalian host system [2,3]. These neurochemicals are mainly low molecular‐weight, first‐messenger molecules that include amino acids and amino acid derivatives i.e., catecholamine (dopamine (DA)) and indols (serotonin (5HT)) and their respective downstream products. Neurochemicals are pivotal for cell–cell signaling, which is essential for the normal functioning of the nervous, endocrine, immune, and neuroimmune systems of the host [4]. Neurochemicals can be exploited by infectious microbes as an environmental signal to initiate cellular processes, including growth, and the elaboration of virulence‐associated factors leading to the activation of pathogenic processes, which results in the progression of infection [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]
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