Abstract
Hemicellulose carbohydrates comprise a significant proportion of available biomass resources such as agricultural residues and wood wastes. These sugars, of which D-xylose is the most abundant, can be converted to valuable fuels and chemical feedstocks by bacteria, yeasts and mycelial fungi. Examination of the metabolism of pentoses by these microorganisms, reveals major differences in both the initial reactions of sugar breakdown and the nature of the resultant endproducts. Wide variability exists in the ability of microbes to utilize D-xylose and its ketose isomer, D-xylulose. Methods for recovery of hemicellulose sugars include autohydrolysis, alkaline or dilute acid extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis. Processes indicating the feasibility of ethanol manufacture from corn stover, wheat straw and wood have been studied.
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