Abstract
In the current work, we study the capacity of 30 peptones obtained by enzyme proteolysis of ten discarded fish species (hake, megrim, red scorpionfish, pouting, mackerel, gurnard, blue whiting, Atlantic horse mackerel, grenadier, and boarfish) to support the growth and metabolite production of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of probiotic and technological importance. Batch fermentations of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis, L. casei, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides in most of the media formulated with fish peptones (87% of the cases) led to similar growths (quantified as dry-weight biomass and viable cells) and metabolites (mainly lactic acid) than in commercial control broth (MRS). Comparisons among cultures were performed by means of the parameters obtained from the mathematical fittings of experimental kinetics to the logistic equation. Modelling among experimental and predicted data from each bioproduction was generally accurate. A simple economic assessment demonstrated the profitability achieved when MRS is substituted by media formulated with fish discards: a 3–4-fold reduction of costs for LAB biomass, viable cells formation, and lactic and acetic acid production. Thus, these fish peptones are promising alternatives to the expensive commercial peptones as well as a possible solution to valorize discarded fish biomasses and by-products.
Highlights
The current European Union fishery policy, aimed at gradually eliminating fish discards, requires fishing vessels to land all catches of regulated commercial species
The present study aims at providing a comprehensive outlook on the feasibility of marine peptones obtained from a wide range of fish discards as nitrogen sources for the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with industrial relevance
Under the LO framework, two scenarios for the management of fish discards must be taken into account when they are discharged in ports: (a) those species with legal size and subject to total allowed catches (TACs) which cannot be fully absorbed by markets and (b) those species below minimum legal size with or without TACs regulation
Summary
The current European Union fishery policy, aimed at gradually eliminating fish discards, requires fishing vessels to land all catches of regulated commercial species. Depending on the characteristics of the raw material, technical parameters, market, and economic aspects, a number of bioproducts may represent viable valorization options [2]. These include polysaccharides (chondroitin sulfate, chitin, and chitosan) [5,6], lipids (polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids) [7,8], minerals [9], and protein (bioactive peptides, enzymes, collagen and gelatin and peptones) [10,11,12,13,14]. Certain species and particular tissues contain, or are sufficiently rich, in some of these bioproducts, whereas proteinaceous material is ubiquitous in fish
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